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Game maths for pokies and table games: RTP, volatility, bankroll and house edge

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RTP tells you the average, not your evening. These pieces show the spread around the average: how fast a bankroll drains, how much an hour of play costs, and what the jackpot pool takes out of a spin.

Return to player is an average over a very large number of spins, and nobody plays that many. What you experience in an evening is the spread around the average, and that spread is set by volatility. The guides in this section put numbers on both: how much an hour of play costs at a given stake, how quickly a bankroll drains, and how often a session ends well ahead or well behind.

The tables use round figures and a model pokie with a stated RTP and spins per hour, because the real figures change from game to game. Where a studio publishes an RTP we use it; where it does not we do not guess. Each guide shows the formula so you can replace our inputs with your own, and the calculators on the pages do it for you in the browser, without sending anything anywhere.

The point of the arithmetic is not to find a system, because there is none for a game with a built-in edge. It is to know what you are paying for entertainment, and to decide a limit before you start rather than after.